課程資訊
課程名稱
政治學方法論
Methodology of Political Science 
開課學期
109-1 
授課對象
社會科學院  政治理論組  
授課教師
張貴閔 
課號
PS3110 
課程識別碼
302 40310 
班次
 
學分
2.0 
全/半年
半年 
必/選修
必修 
上課時間
星期四3,4(10:20~12:10) 
上課地點
社科407 
備註
限學士班三年級以上
總人數上限:60人 
Ceiba 課程網頁
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1091PS3110 
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課程概述

本課程旨在提供學生操作和評估經驗政治研究的知識基礎,議題涵蓋各種研究途徑和分析工具對社會科學和現象本質的不同假設、主要研究方法的優勢和弱點、研究倫理等,我們將具體探討研究者在各個研究階段中,所面臨的抉擇:何謂好的研究問題、概念?如何搜集、分析資料?好的理論指標為何?以及如何建構理論?本課程除了培養學生判讀政治學相關著作的能力之外,更重要地,是要使學生能進一步「做好」政治學研究。 

課程目標
學生修習、完成課程要求之後,將具備從事和分析經驗政治學研究的技巧,包括:
1. 辨認有趣的研究問題;
2. 擬定研究策略;
3. 採取適切的方法工具來搜集資料;
4. 比較、分析資料以推論因果;
5. 在寫作中,溝通、呈現研究成果。 
課程要求
每三至五位同學組成一個研究小組,合作完成一至五之評量項目:
1. 發展研究問題(5%)
每組選擇一個研究問題,撰寫300至500字左右的報告,說明該問題的切入點是經驗性的或是理論性的,以及為什麼這個題目很重要?
繳交時間:10/15
2. 參考書目暨文獻回顧(15%)每組選擇與其研究問題相關的5到8篇文章,仔細閱讀每一篇文章:內容重點及結論?方法?案例?證據是否支持理論?理論是否有普遍性?撰寫約1000字左右的文獻分析,內容應當包含你們如何找到這些文章,文獻蒐集所遇到的困難,以及學界對該問題的研究現況。
繳交時間:11/12
3. 資料分析報告(15%)
每組撰寫一篇約3到4頁的資料分析報告,報告必須指出被測量的概念變項(譬如,針對民主化的分析報告會描述民主的各式定義、以及各種不同測量民主的方式)、現有哪些資料數據(譬如:民主調查、社會意向調查、選舉調查、白皮書等)、這些資料的連結和使用狀況、以及特定測量方式的爭議為何。
繳交時間:12/10
4. 研究計畫大綱(40%)
每組撰寫約10頁的研究計畫大綱(撰稿體例參考《台灣政治學刊》,https://www.tpsr.tw/zh-hant/page/zhuan-gao-ti-li),內容包括一個明確的研究問題、其重要性、文獻回顧及你的研究如何補充既有文獻、所需要的資料及評估你取得該資料的方式與可能性(如:民族誌田野多久、以何身份進入?訪談提問?如何分析調查資料等等)、總結你的研究成果將對政治學知識產生什麼貢獻。
繳交時間:1/7
5. 期末報告(15%)
課堂分組報告,每組報告十分鐘,聽眾提問五分鐘,報告組回答五分鐘。
6. 出席及參與討論(5%)
本學期將安排兩場演講,同學除了一般課堂參與之外,必須兩場都出席,才能取得參與評量的總分。
7. 分組成員互評(5%)
同學於期末時,依個別對報告貢獻程度,對同組成員進行組內互評,最高5分,最低0分,分數可以至小數點第一位。 
預期每週課後學習時數
 
Office Hours
備註: 週四13:00-15:00 
指定閱讀
Week 1 (9/17): 課程介紹及分組

Week 2 (9/24): 理論、方法、證據
指定閱讀
Alford 1
延伸閱讀
KKV 1
Lijphart, Arend. “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method.” American Political Science Review 65.3 (1971): 682-693.

Week 3 (10/1): 中秋節放假

Week 4 (10/8): 因果推論
指定閱讀
Hértier, Adrienne. “Causal Explanation.” In Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2008, 61-79.
延伸閱讀
KKV 2, 3
Gerring, John. “Mere Description.” British Journal of Political Science 42.4 (2012): 721-746.
Rogowski, Ronald. “How Inference in the Social (but Not the Physical) Sciences Neglects Theoretical Anomaly.” In Henry E. Brady and David Collier, eds., Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Rowman and Littlefield, 2010, 89-98.

Week 5 (10/15): 研究問題與設計
指定閱讀
Alford 2
延伸閱讀
Geddes 2
Day, Christopher and Kendra Koivu. “Finding the Question: A Puzzle-based Approach to the Logic of Discovery.” Journal of Political Science Education 15.3 (2019): 377-386.
Schmitter, Philippe. “The Design of Social and Political Research.” In Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2008, 263-295.
作業一:發展研究問題

Week 6 (10/22): 文獻回顧
指定閱讀
Knopf, Jeffrey. “Doing a Literature Review.” PS: Political Science and Politics 39.1 (2006): 127-132.
延伸閱讀
Hart, Chris. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Research Imagination. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018, Chs. 2, 3, 7.

圖書館館員邱芳盈演講:圖書館介紹與館藏運用。

Week 7 (10/29): 論證的建構
指定閱讀
Alford 3
延伸閱讀
Geddes 1
Fearon, James D. “Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science.” World Politics 43.2 (1991): 169-195.

Week 8 (11/5): 概念與測量
指定閱讀
Mair, Peter. “Concepts and Concept Formation.” In Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2008, 177-197.
延伸閱讀
Gerring, John. “What Makes a Concept Good? A Criterial Framework for Understanding Concept Formation in Social Sciences.” Polity 31.3 (1999): 357-393.
Sartori, Giovanni. “Concept Misinformation in Comparative Politics.” American Political Science Review 64.4 (1970): 1033-1053.
Collier, David and Steven Levitsky. “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research.” World Politics 49.3 (1997): 430-451.
Adcock, Robert and David Collier. “Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard.” American Political Science Review 95.3 (2001): 529-546.

Week 9 (11/12): 選對案例
指定閱讀
Geddes, Barbara. “How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in Comparative Politics.” Political Analysis 2.1 (1990): 131-150.
延伸閱讀
KKV 4
Della Porta, Donatella. “Comparative Analysis: Case-oriented versus Variable-oriented Research.” In Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating, eds., Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2008, 198-222.
Gerring, John and Jason Seawright. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61.2 (2008): 294-308
Rueschemeyer, Dietrich. “Can One or Few Cases Yield Theoretical Gains?” In James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, eds., Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press, 2003, 305-336.
作業二:參考書目暨文獻回顧

Part II資料蒐集

Week 10 (11/19): 質化、量化、與方法多元主義
指定閱讀
Mahoney, James. “A Tale of Two Cultures: Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative Research.” Political Analysis 14 (2006): 227-249.
延伸閱讀
Laitin, David. “The Perestroikan Challenge to Social Science.” Politics & Society 31.1 (2003): 163-184.
Flyvbjerg. Bent. “A Perestroikan Straw Man Answers Back: David Laitin and Phronetic Political Science.” Politics & Society 32.3 (2004): 389-416.

Week 11 (11/26): 歷史分析與路徑依賴
指定閱讀
Peirson, Paul. “Path Dependence, Increasing Returns, and the Study of Politics.” American Political Science Review 94.2 (2000): 251-267.
延伸閱讀
Thelen, Kathleen. “Historical Institutionalisms in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 2 (1999): 369-404.
Capoccia, Giovanni and R. Daniel Kelemen. “The Study of Critical Junctures.” World Politics 59 (2007): 341-369.
Skocpol, Theda and Margaret Somers. “The Uses of Comparative History in Macrosocial Inquiry.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 22.2 (1980): 174-197.

Week 12 (12/3): 民族誌
指定閱讀
Wood, Elisabeth J. “Field Methods.” In Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2007, 123-146.
延伸閱讀
Tilly, Charles. “Afterword: Political Ethnography as Art and Science.” Qualitative Sociology 29 (2006): 409-412.
Geertz, Glifford. “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture.” In Michael Martin and Lee C. McIntyre, eds., Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science. MIT Press, 213-232.
Schatz, Edward. “What Kind(s) of Ethnography does Political Science Need? In Edward Schatz, ed., Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power. University of Chicago Press, 2009, 303-318.
Brodkin, Evelyn. “The Ethnographic Turn in Political Science: Reflections on the State of the Art.” PS: Political Science & Politics 50.1 (2017): 131-134.

Week 13 (12/10): 訪談、口述歷史
指定閱讀
“Symposium: Interview Methods in Political Science.” PS: Political Science and Politics 35.4 (2002): 663-688.
延伸閱讀
Williams, C. L. and E. J. Heikes. “The Importance of Researcher’s Gender in the In-Depth Interview.” Gender & Society 7.2 (1993): 280-291.
Polletta, Francesca. “Contending Stories: Narrative in Social Movements.” Qualitative Sociology 21 (1998): 419-446.
Thompson, Paul and Joanna Bornat. The Voice of the Past: Oral History. Oxford University Press, 2017, Chs. 8, 10-12.
作業三:資料分析報告

Part III 呈現研究成果

Week 14 (12/17): 學術寫作與呈現
指定閱讀
Farrell, Henry. “Good Writing in Political Science.” https://themonkeycage.org/2010/02/good_writing_in_political_scie/.
延伸閱讀
The sections on “The Writing Process,” “Academic Writing,” and “Research and Citation” at https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/purdue_owl.html.
Kastellec, Jonathan P. and Eduardo L. Leoni. “Using Graphs Instead of Tables in Political Science.” Perspectives on Politics 5.4 (2007): 755-771.
寫作中心講師江介維老師演講:「英文學術口頭報告暨寫作教學中心資源介紹」

Week 15 (12/24): 小組協作

Week 16 (12/31): 期末報告

Week 17 (1/7): 期末報告
作業四:研究計畫大綱

Week 18 (1/14): 期末檢討
 
參考書目
教科書
Alford, Robert R.,《好研究怎麼做:從理論、方法、證據構思研究問題》,群學,2011年(The Craft of Inquiry: Theories, Methods, Evidence. Oxford University Press, 1998)。
參考書目
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba,《好研究如何設計?:用量化邏輯做質化研究》,群學,2012年(Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton University Press, 1994)。
Brady, Henry E. and David Collier, eds., Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Rowman and Littlefield, 2010.
Gerring, John. Social Science Methodology: A Unified Framework. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Della Porta, Donatella and Michael Keating, eds. Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A Pluralist Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Geddes, Barbara. Paradigms and Sand Castles: Theory Building and Research Design in Comparative Politics. The University of Michigan Press, 2003.
以上教科書與參考書皆已置於社科院辜振甫先生紀念圖書館一樓的「教師指定參考書區」,供同學館內閱覽。 
評量方式
(僅供參考)
   
課程進度
週次
日期
單元主題
無資料